Knowledge is important
Dr. Hutchens is committed to patient education. In numerous studies, patients who fully understand their condition and
their doctor’s recommendations, will get well faster, so for your convenience we have listed some often used terms and
their definitions.
If you are looking for a definition for a word that is not listed in our glossary please send
your word definition question via email to: Dr. Hutchens
Glossary of Chiropractic Terms
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
- A -
Activator Adjusting Instrument = A handheld instrument used by chiropractors who assert that slightly misaligned vertebrae can be tapped back into place with a mallet.
Acupressure = Acupressure is manual pressure applied to specific acupuncture points with the intention of stimulating neurological flow to various organs, glands or tissues, with the purpose of returning the body to a normal status.
Acute = Of short duration and relatively severe.
Acute Back Pain = Back pain that lasts a short while, usually a few days to several weeks. Episodes lasting longer than three months are not considered acute.
Adjustment = A specific treatment to the human body designed to improve the integrity of a joint. In the Chiropractic profession there are over 60 separate and different ways to give an adjustment. They can be categorized into 1) force, 2) minimum force and 3) non-force.
A Chiropractic adjustment is performed by using the hands to gently "adjust" misaligned vertebrae back into their proper position. Because chiropractors work on a variety of people from newborns to the elderly, gentleness is always a priority.
A specific directional thrust maneuver or application of forces applied to a subluxated vertebra that sets the vertebra into motion with the intent to reduce and/or correct the vertebral misalignment, thus improving the neurological component of the vertebral subluxation complex along with vivification of the affected tissues and body functions.
Afferentation = The process of stimulating receptors of a specific type from the peripheral nervous system into the central nervous system.
Anomaly = A marked deviation from the normal standard, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defect(s).
Annulus = The tough outer ring of a spinal disc.
Applied Kinesiology = An unscientific method of testing muscle strength to detect the presence of disease, vitamin deficiency, and other problems.
Arthritis = An inflammatory condition of the joints that can or cannot be disabling. It can result in joint disfigurement and restricted joint mobility. Categorized into as many as 12 types, the most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid.
Doctors have not found a cure for Arthritis; however, new treatment for this disease has greatly improved the quality of life for patients with arthritis. Doctors of Chiropractic will customize a pain management program of physical therapy and spinal adjustments that fits the patient’s needs.
Preventive care is also an important consideration in regards to arthritis. As the disease develops spinal fusion can occur resulting in greater loss of mobility and increased pain. Your Doctor of Chiropractic will thoroughly evaluate your condition in order to design a treatment program that will hopefully prevent or slow down the process.
If you have arthritis or if you think you do, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Atlas = Topmost vertebra of the neck.
Atlas Subluxation Complex (ASC) = An alleged entity that some chiropractors feel is the most common and the most serious vertebral misalignment. Chiropractors who practice specific "upper cervical techniques" focus on the ASC.
Atlas Orthogonal Technique (A.O.T.) = One of many methods of correcting cervical "subluxations" claimed to be responsible for problems anywhere in the body.
Axis = Another name for the second cervical vertebra, which is located in your neck. This is an important joint that contributes significantly to your neck's range of motion.
- B -
Backache = Back pain is one of the most common ailments treated by Doctors of Chiropractic. Symptoms can be anything from pain to stiffness, numbness, burning sensations or all of the above. Your Doctor of Chiropractic will evaluate your condition by thorough examination looking for any subluxations of the spine. A subluxation is a minor misalignment of the spine "vertebra" causing an irritation to the nerve with a loss of normal function by interrupting communication from the brain to any cell tissue or organ in the body. Subluxations can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Barge Analysis = A contemporary technique, developed by a straight chiropractor, used to locate alleged shifting of a disk nucleus said to cause tortipelvis/torticollis, spinal distortions, or curvatures. Rotation of a spinous process toward the wide side of a disk space on the concave side of a spinal curve (the opposite of what is normally seen) is thought to indicate that the disk is improperly centered.
Bells Palsy = An affliction of the nerves of the face that can cause excruciating, piercing pain with accompanying muscles spasms and facial contortions.
"Big Idea" = The chiropractic concept that the body heals itself when interference to the proper functioning of the nervous system is removed.
Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique (B.E.S.T.) = A nonsensical method that involves measuring leg length to determine whether "imbalances" exist in the body's electromagnetic field. The chiropractor allegedly corrects these imbalances by placing his hands on certain "contact points" to transfer electromagnetic energy to the patient.
Bio-Kinetics = A new technique in which a special adjustment with an instrument is made between the atlas and the skull to relieve dozens of ailments ranging from asthma to psoriasis. This cure-all spinal adjustment corrects subluxations and "reconstructs the spine."
Biomechanics = The body's mechanics, such as how muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments work to produce movement.
Blair Upper Cervical Technique = Another technique that concentrates upon correction of vertebral misalignments at the top of the neck as a method of removing nerve interference in the spine. A "Blair head clamp" is used to position the head for cervical x-ray examination.
Bone Spur = An extra calcium deposit in response to injury, disease or incorrect motion of position of a joint.
- C -
C.A. = Abbreviation for "chiropractic assistant."
Carver Technique = Method developed by Willard Carver, an early Palmer student who formulated his own theories about subluxations and nerve interference and opened the Carver Chiropractic college in 1908. Carver developed a technique in which traction and pressure is applied to the spine just before making a manual thrust, which he called the "Tracto-Thrust" system.
Cavitation = Pop that occurs in a spinal joint when vertebral surfaces (facets) are separated to create a vacuum that puts out carbon dioxide gas.
Cerebellum = The part of the brain that controls balance, posture and coordination of muscular movements.
Cerebral Cortex = The part of your brain that coordinates all sensory and motor activities. Different areas of it are specifically associated with memory, learning and behavior.
Cervical Spine = The upper spinal area, consisting of seven vertebrae, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7.
Cervical Vertebrae = There are seven vertebrae in the cervical or neck area of the spine.
Chiropractic = Chiropractic is a health care discipline, which emphasizes the inherent recuperative powers of the body to heal itself without the use of drugs or surgery.
The practice of chiropractic focuses on the relationship between structure (primarily the spine) and function (as coordinated by the nervous system) and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health.
Of primary concern to the doctor of chiropractic are abnormalities of structure or function of the vertebral column known clinically as the vertebral subluxation complex. The subluxation complex includes any alteration of the biomechanical and physiological dynamics of contiguous spinal structures, which can cause neuronal disturbances.
Chiropractic Adjustment = This term refers to a wide variety of specific manual interventions that may be high or low velocity; short or long lever; high or low amplitude; with or without recoil.
Chiropractic adjustments are directed at specific anatomical regions of the vertebral spine. The purpose of the Chiropractic adjustment is to correct vertebral subluxations, which can cause alteration of the biomechanical and physiological dynamics of contiguous spinal structures and manifest neuronal disturbances.
Chiropractic Analysis = A chiropractic analysis is performed on a routine basis to determine the patient's need for spinal adjustments. A chiropractic analysis may include (but not limited to) two or more of the following procedures: instrumentation (skin temperature differential analysis), chiropractic x-ray analysis, spinal static and motion palpation, postural analysis, leg-length comparison tests, muscle strength measures, and other chiropractic analysis procedures.
Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP) = Method of chiropractic analysis and treatment in which spinal corrections are based on theoretical calculations related to posture and spinal curvature. CBP is based on theoretical calculations related to posture and spinal curvature. This technique advocates adjustments, traction, and exercises intended to develop "normal" neck and low-back curvature. However, many people without symptoms have curves that deviate from CBP's "ideal spine," and proponent's research has not demonstrated that patients felt or functioned better as a result of anything unique to CBP treatment.
Chiropractic Practice Objective = The primary professional practice objective of chiropractic is to reduce or correct vertebral subluxations and other malpositioned articulations and structures in a safe and effective manner.
Chronic = Persisting for a long period of time.
Coccyx = Commonly called the tailbone, the coccyx is composed of four separate but fused vertebrae that make up the bottom of your spine.
Common Headache = Common headaches are only common because they are so familiar. Still, the pain can be excruciating, and the common headache can drastically affect your normal activities of daily living. Doctors of Chiropractic have discovered these headaches can be due to muscular contractions at the back of the head and neck due to spinal degeneration of the cervical spine. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the cervical vertebra we can determine if there is a casual relationship to your headache. Often the solution to your problem is just a matter of determining the cause of muscle tightness in your neck. Remember, it is important to realize that you don't have to suffer with the common headache.
If you suffer from the common headache, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Concept Therapy = Method of using a positive state of mind to help "innate intelligence" heal the body, thus making any chiropractic technique more effective. Its founder taught that once you know the "great secret" taught in Concept Therapy, you can make any technique work.
Contact Reflex Analysis (CRA) = A nonsensical testing procedure in which diagnoses are made by testing muscle strength while placing manual pressure on alleged "reflex points." The results are then used to prescribe vitamin supplements and/or homeopathic products.
Consultation = A specific time set aside between the physician and either the patient and/or family member or interested person for the purpose of discussing the history of the complaint, the complaint and or proposed treatment recommendations.
Contour Analysis = Useless procedure in which an angled light is passed through a grid to the surface of the patient's body to produce a pattern of shadows that is viewed on a screen and/or photographed. The resultant picture resembles a topographic map. Also called moire contourographic analysis.
Cox Flexion-Distraction Technique = Method of applying manually controlled distraction or stretching to specific spinal segments with the assistance of a movable table. Not a manipulation technique.
Cranial Nerves = 12 pairs of specialized nerves that have their origins within the cranium or brain cavity.
- D -
D.C. = Abbreviation for "Doctor of Chiropractic."
D.C.M. (Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine) = New degree being considered by at least one chiropractic college, which believes that some form of drug therapy may be appropriate for a properly specialized chiropractic practice.
Degeneration = The body's response to injury is to form new bone. Calcium deposits eventually can build up around a vertebrae and become an ongoing case of subluxation degeneration.
Derefield Leg Check = Test alleged to detect pelvic dysfunction by measuring leg length in a prone (facedown) position. Measurements are obtained with the legs straight and with the knees bent. Leg checks are used by Activator practitioners and others who purport to measure and correct pelvic "imbalances."
Diathermy = Therapeutic measure used in medicine to generate heat in the body tissues. Electrodes and other instruments are used to transmit electric current to surface structures, thereby increasing the local blood circulation and facilitating and accelerating the process of absorption and repair. The heat works like fever to increase the blood flow to the areas that need more blood to bring in white blood cells and red blood cells and antibodies to reduce infection and cause increased healing in a much shorter period of time. It is used a lot for sinus infections, ear infections, bronchitis and pneumonia.
Directional Nonforce Technique (DNFT) = Method of diagnosing and correcting subluxations by applying thumb pressure to the spine and checking leg length, which supposedly changes when correction is made.
Disc = A cartilage (cushion/pad) that separates spinal vertebrae, absorbs shock to the spine, and helps protect the nervous system.
Disc Degeneration = Drying, thinning of the disc as a result of accelerated wear and tear.
Disease = (Chiropractic Definition) The absence of health, a condition where the body has lost its ability to heal itself and is thereby susceptible to growth of organisms that are present in the body even in healthy situations.
Disease = The word disease is a combination of dis and ease. Dis is a prefix meaning apart from." It follows then that dis-ease is nothing more than a lack of comfort, a loss of harmony in the system. Chiropractors believe that instead of treating disease with chemicals and invasive procedures, whenever possible, first treat dis-ease with the reduction or elimination of nerve interference, thereby giving the patient a chance to recover naturally before resorting to drugs and surgery.
Diversified Chiropractic Technique = Diversified Technique uses a variety of adjustive techniques to detect "subluxations" and to create motion in a vertebral joint. Some of these mobilizing techniques are effective in the treatment of back pain. Chiropractors who use diversified technique are more likely to offer appropriate hands-on spinal manipulation than those who use a “special technique.”
Drugless Profession = Chiropractic is a drugless health care profession. Doctors of Chiropractic do not prescribe or issue drugs to their patients.
Dynamic Thrust = Chiropractic adjustment delivered suddenly and forcefully to move vertebrae, often resulting in a popping sound.
- E -
Electrical Muscle Stimulation = Physiological therapeutic introduction of electrical stimulation at a predetermined frequency, intensity and rate for the purpose of achieving a physiological response.
Electrotherapy = Electrotherapy pertains to the use of electrical stimulation of the body. It may be used to control pain, increase blood and lymphatic circulation, reduce muscle spasm, relax or stimulate the nervous system or aid in the healing process.
End Plate = The cartilage between the bone of the vertebrae and the disc, to serve as attachment point for the fibers of the disc.
Enzyme Replacement System = Nonsensical approach that correlates recurring "subluxation patterns" with the results of a 24-hour urinalysis (purported to identify "enzyme deficiencies") so that spinal adjustments and nutritional measures can be combined.
Examination = A specific time the physician takes to look at the current status of the patient. Can represent several levels of examination from cursory to complex.
- F -
Facet = The actual joint surface of a spinal bone, facing the adjacent bone above and below.
Flexion-Distraction Technique = Useful method of stretching the spine in a facedown position on a table that allows manually applied flexion and traction to be applied to specific spinal segments.
Full-Spine Technique = Method of adjusting or manipulating any of the vertebrae from the neck down.
- G -
Gatekeeper = Health care professional designated to exercise responsibly for, and control of, the utilization of health care services, e.g., D.C., M.D., D.O., D.P.M., D.D.S., D.D.M.
Geriatrics = Doctors of chiropractic are licensed and extensively trained to diagnose and treat people of all ages. Seniors may be treated with a light, medium or firm adjustment depending on their age, degree of degeneration etc. There are doctors of chiropractic specializing in the treatment of elderly patients.
Gonstead Technique = System of correcting pelvic and sacral "subluxations" to correct secondary subluxations elsewhere in the spine. The alleged problem areas are located by motion palpation and skin-temperature instrument measurement and "confirmed" with full-spine x-ray examination.
Grostic Procedure = Upper cervical technique that depends upon x-ray examination to measure and detect misalignments between the atlas and the skull. Adjustment can be made with an instrument or be done manually by placing pressure on the side of the neck at the base of the skull.
- H -
Health = The state of optimal physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Home Therapy = Activities the patient can do, under the instructions of the chiropractic physician, to assist in their recovery; includes ice/heat, exercises, diet and moderation of activities of daily living.
Hole-in-One (H.I.O.) = Method of adjusting the atlas (the topmost vertebra at the base of the skull). Proponents claim that this will improve health and facilitate correction of subluxations elsewhere in the spine.
Homeostasis = This is the tendency to maintain, or the maintenance of, normal, internal stability in an organism by coordinated responses of the organ systems that automatically compensate for changes in the organism.
Hypesthesia = An increased sensitivity to nerve stimulation
- I -
Immune System = The system of glands and physiological responses to invasion of foreign organisms.
Immunity = The status of resistance to invasion of foreign bodies to the host.
Innate Intelligence aka Innate = An inborn intelligence that keeps the body of all living things in repair. The mission of Innate Intelligence is to maintain the material of the body of the living thing in active organization.
Intensive Care = Frequent treatment designed to get pain or symptom relief as quickly as possible; does not imply a cure of the underlying cause.
Interferential Electro-Therapy = It is a therapeutic treatment to aid in the relief of pain and the promotion of soft tissue healing. It works by tiny amounts of electrical impulses are induced into the tissues in the vicinity of the injury. Where these waves intersect below the surface of the skin, a low-frequency stimulation is created. This prompts the body to secrete endorphins and other natural painkillers to help relieve pain.
Intersegmental Traction = It is a way of inducing passive motion into the spine for the purpose of stretching spinal joints, increasing mobility. It works by the patient lying face up on a bench table, which has roller-type cams beneath its surface. These rollers can slowly travel the length of the spine, stretching spinal joints.
Intervertebral Disk = The tough cartilage that serves as a cushion between two vertebrae. Each disk has a gelatinous-like center (nucleus pulposus) that may protrude to form a disk herniation.
- J -
Joint = A meeting point of two or more bones in your body that functions like a door hinge. Joints, like hinges, sometimes get stuck, or subluxated.
Joint Fixation = Diminished movement within a joint space.
- K -
Kale Method = Variety of upper cervical adjustment in which a "toggle adjustment," or a sudden, shallow thrust is applied to the side of the neck to correct atlas subluxations, often in a knee-chest position on a special table.
"Killer Subluxations" = Allegedly misaligned spinal bones that some chiropractors feel can result in fatal illness. The concept is promoted by posters that depict an unrealistically large spinal nerve being pinched by an unrealistically displaced vertebra
- L -
Leander's Method = Method that utilizes a motorized table for loosening or mobilizing the spine with flexion-distraction-type stretching before a spinal adjustment.
Leg-Length Testing = An unsubstantiated method used to detect alleged subluxations. It is used as part of Activator Methods, Logan basic, Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique, Thompson terminal point technique, and Sacro occipital technique.
Let’s "Check" You = When we say we are going to "check" you, we are palpating (feeling) your spine for subluxations. If we find any subluxations, we will facilitate your body in correcting them, but if we don’t find any subluxations, there is no need to adjust you because your vertebrae are in their proper position, and not causing nerve interference.
Ligament = A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints
Listing = Abbreviated description of the position or movement of a "subluxated" vertebra. Many techniques have their own listing system, which can make it difficult for chiropractors to communicate with each other.
Locked Spinal Joint = Sudden binding that occurs when two joint surfaces are shifted out of their normal alignment by an awkward movement that triggers muscle spasm. The result may also be called an "acute locked back."
Logan Method = A nonthrusting method in which thumb pressure is used to correct alleged sacral subluxations and leg deficiency claimed to affect the entire spine.
Long-Lever Manipulation = Method of spinal manipulation in which a general technique is used to stretch or loosen several vertebrae at a time.
Low-Force Technique = Use of an adjusting machine and/or reflex technique said to be an alternative to forceful manipulation ("dynamic thrust"). It may not be an appropriate substitute for properly performed spinal manipulation. Advertising it is often a promotion gimmick.
Lower Back Pain = It is said eight out of ten of us suffer from some kind of lower back pain. Research shows that the majority of such pain is caused by a mechanical misalignment in one or more segments of the lower or lumbar spine. The spinal column provides protection for the spinal cord. It is made up of segments called "vertebra", which must be positioned correctly in order to function properly and have a normal range of motion.
When the lower vertebra is out of alignment, the discs, the spines shock absorber, can swell or tear causing it to bulge or herniate. This bulging can pinch the nerve between the vertebra producing pain, numbness, tingling or burning sensations. This condition can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab. Which can correct the misalignment in the low back region of the spinal cord.
If you are experiencing low back pain, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Lumbar Spine = The lower spine area consisting of five vertebrae, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and sometimes the anomaly L6.
Lumbo-Pelvic Techniques = Technique used to adjust any "manipulative lesion" in the joints of the lumbar spine and pelvis. Lumbo-pelvic "distortions" are attributed to postural alterations, leg-length inequality, tilting of the lumbar vertebrae, loss of mobility, and other "lesions" that require manipulation over the pelvis and lower back. Leg-length testing is often used to detect lumbo-pelvic distortions.
Lumbosacral Strain = Strain or injury of joints or ligaments at the base of the spine where the last lumbar vertebra (L5) is connected to the sacrum. Strain or disk degeneration in this area is probably the most common cause of low-back pain.
- M -
Maintenance Care = Subluxation-based program of periodic spinal examinations and adjustments to help maintain the patient's health. Also called "preventive maintenance" or "preventative maintenance."
Manipulation = The forceful passive movement of a joint beyond its active limit of motion. It does not imply the use of precision, specificity or the correction of nerve interference. Therefore, it is not synonymous with chiropractic adjustment.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) = Procedure in which a chiropractor performs manipulation while an anesthesiologist keeps the patient asleep. MUA has little appropriate use and is potentially dangerous. Because the normal protective reflexes are abolished, the manipulated joint can be overstretched.
Mechanoreceptor = A specialized nerve ending that has been found to influence the neurological response of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves.
Mercy Guidelines = Common name for the report issued following the chiropractic consensus conference held at the Mercy Conference Center in Burlingame, California, on January 25-30, 1992. The report is a step toward establishing parameters and guidelines for the profession. Many insurance companies use it as a guide to the appropriateness of chiropractic treatment.
Meric System = Chiropractic system based on the theory that specific spinal joints are associated with specific organs, requiring adjustment of certain vertebrae for certain diseases.
Migraine Headache = Do you know that 15 million Americans suffer from migraine headaches. There are many reasons for migraine headaches. Doctors of Chiropractic have discovered one of the most common reasons is cervical spinal degeneration, a misalignment and straightening of the neck that puts pressure on the nerves and arteries, causing them to swell. With less blood and oxygen reaching the brain a headache develops. By adjusting the cervical vertebra, less pressure is put on the nerves and arteries allowing blood and oxygen to flow to the brain. Most headaches can successfully be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments.
If you are a migraine sufferer, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Misalignment = A radiographic finding, usually measured in millimeters, that represents one or more segment of the spine out of alignment with adjacent segments of the spine.
Mobilization = Method of manipulation, movement, or stretching to increase range of motion in muscles and joints that does not involve a high-velocity thrust.
Motion Palpation = Method of locating fixations and loss of mobility in the spine by feeling the motion of specific spinal segments as the patient moves.
Motor = Neurological term to represent that portion of the nerve or joint responsible for activity or motion.
MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnostic tool that subjects the patient’s body to massive doses of magnetism to induce an energy reading that the MRI computer interprets as images based upon water content and the hydrogen ion, non-invasive and non-radioactive.
Muscle Spasm (Fibrositis) = Each of us have over 600 voluntary muscles in our bodies that work together to control even the simplest of movements. Muscles work in conjunction with joints, such as cartilage, and bones to provide motion. When the spinal vertebra become misaligned and irritated, it disrupts the nerve muscle relationship and causes a muscle spasm. These symptoms can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments. Left alone they can become permanent causing chronic pain. Muscle pain can also be a symptom of a more serious problem and should be addressed immediately.
If you suffer from muscle spasms, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Musculoskeletal = Referring to structures involving tendons, muscles, ligaments, and joints.
- N -
Neck & Head Pain = A stiff neck can sometimes come from nowhere. Actually the problem could have very well been developing for quite sometime. The neck consists of seven small bones collectively know as the cervical spine. They support the 22 bones of the head. The delicate curvature of these areas must be maintained for normal blood flow and nerve function. It is this curvature that can change over a period of time due to many things such as trauma, poor posture, stress or poorly performed exercises. A Doctor of Chiropractic will examine the cervical vertebra to determine if the problem relates to the spine or the muscle and the ligaments around the spine. Subluxations can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments.
If you suffer from head and neck pain, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Nerves = Specialized cells that use chemical reactions to send an impulse from the outside world to the brain and spinal cord.
Nerve Root = One of the two nerve bundles emerging from the spinal cord that join to form a segmental spinal nerve.
Nervo-Scope = A handheld, dual-probe thermocouple gadget purported to locate "subluxations" by measuring skin temperature on both sides of the spine.
Nervous System = The system of nerves including the brain, the cranial nerves, the spinal cord, the spinal nerves, and the peripheral nerves; includes the autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) nerves.
Neural Organization Technique (NOT) = Method purported to "organize" the nervous system and activate helpful reflexes by using applied kinesiology muscle-testing to identify and correct food allergies and dysfunctions claimed to affect the flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
Neuro Emotional Technique (NET) = Method purported to correct disease-causing subluxations that result from negative emotions that "lock in" a "neuro emotional complex (N.E.C)."
Neuromusculoskeletal System = A broad term referring to the neurological system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves, the muscle system, which includes muscles, ligaments, tendons and connective tissues, and the skeletal system, which includes bones of the skull, spine and limbs.
Neurocalometer = The heat-detecting instrument originally developed in 1924 for locating subluxated vertebrae.
Nimmo Method = Technique that uses digital pressure on trigger points to relax muscles said to be pulling vertebrae out of alignment.
Nociceptors = Specialized nerve receptor (neuron) that is stimulated by injury; a receptor for pain.
Non-Force Techniques = Various reflex techniques and muscle-treatment methods that do not involve forceful manipulation.
Nucleus, Disc = Spongy gel-like center of a spinal disc.
Nutrition = Nutrition is the art and science of correcting dietary deficiencies, which can result in abnormal tissue function and certain disease processes. Some doctors prescribe specific vitamins, minerals, proteins, enzymes, herbs, etc., for various health problems with emphasis placed on changing overall dietary habits.
- O -
Objective Straight Chiropractors = Chiropractors whose sole objective is to "correct vertebral subluxations - not because they cause disease or are associated with any medical condition, but simply because the body works better without them - and that alone justifies their correction."
Orthogonal Methods = Upper cervical measurements and techniques that often require use of instruments and machines to correct what are claimed to be minute but all-important subluxations of the atlas.
Orthotics = Orthopedic devices designed to treat or adjust various biomechanical foot disorders. Orthotic is placed in the patient's shoe and helps keep the foot in proper alignment. Almost anyone can achieve some benefit from an orthotic. Your feet should not hurt. Pain is the body's way of warning you something is wrong. If you ignore your pain, the condition causing it could become worse.
Osteoarthritis = A slow degeneration of the joints that connect your bones and allow you to move. Aging, injury, poor posture and excess weight can cause joints to wear down and become stiff and painful.
- P -
Pain = Physical pain is a symptom in the body that something may be wrong, an alarm for the body. Traditional methods of treatment usually look at ridding the body of symptoms, but not the cause of the symptoms. This is similar to if your "check engine light" comes on in your car and you put a piece of tape over it so you cannot see the warning…the problem does not disappear simply because you don’t see the warning light. To the contrary, it can get much worse, and do terrible permanent damage. Likewise with your body, except your body is not replaceable.
P.A.L. Technique (Positive Anatomical Leg Length) = "New" technique for detecting differences in leg length. Commonly used by chiropractors to do "health screenings" in malls and at health fairs. X-ray examination is then recommended to locate the cause of the deficiency and its effect on the spine, so that correction can be made with spinal and pelvic adjustments. Most structural leg deficiencies with associated compensatory spinal curves and pelvic rotations are not significant and are not correctable.
Palpation = Examining the spine with your fingers; the art of feeling with the hand.
Paresthesia = Abnormal or loss of normal sensation.
Parasympathetic = Literally means around (para) the sympathetic; refers to the parasympathetic nervous system, a division of the autonomic nervous system; responsible for the regulation of body systems.
Pelvic Deficiency (P.D.) = A condition that proponents of Activator Methods define as an "apparent" difference in leg-length, not an anatomical difference. Also called "functional short leg."
Pettibon Method = Upper cervical adjustive technique that utilizes an instrument to adjust the atlas. Orthogonal lines are used to measure the full spine.
Physical Therapy = Form of treatment using physical modalities (equipment) to alleviate pain and suffering.
PI = Abbreviation for "personal injury." Used in the phrases "PI practice" and "PI seminar," which focus on patients with occupational or auto injuries.
Pierce-Stillwagon Method = Technique similar to Sacro-Occipital Technique which involves contacts and other maneuvers applied to cervical and pelvic areas to produce effects in remote muscles, organs, and joints. A full-spine x-ray examination is considered essential for pelvic analysis. Uses a heat-detecting instrument (Derma Therm-O-Graph) to monitor subluxation correction.
Pinched Nerves = Laymen's term for pain perceived to be coming from the back or spine; physically difficult to "pinch" the nerve.
Platysma Sign = This is a pathologic reflex of the head indicating ipsilateral corticorspinal tract disease as seen in hemiplegia. The sign is present when the examiner applies counter-pressure to the patient's flexing of the chin toward the chest. The Platysma muscle contracts on the sound side only, drawing the outer part of the lower lip downward and backward.
Plasticity = Tissue that is capable of being formed or shaped. This is a term used to describe developmental changes in the nervous system.
Preventative Care = Care rendered to existing patient; designed to prevent a condition from worsening and/or returning; necessary care usually due to a persistent weakness or permanent impairment.s
Primary Contact Health Care Provider = Any health care provider capable of providing first level contact and intake into the health delivery system, (b) any health care provider licensed to receive patient contact in the absence of physician referral.
Proprioceptors = Sensory nerve terminals which give information concerning movements and position of the body; they occur chiefly in the muscles, tendons, and the labyrinth.
- Q -
Currently no definitions for words beginning with the letter "Q".
- R -
Radiograph = Proper term for an x-ray film after it has been exposed to radiation (x-ray).
Radiolucent = An object/item/mass that appears on a radiograph that allows the x-ray to pass through it when in normal circumstances it would not. (e.g., a bone that does not look as dense as the bones around it.
Radiopaque = An object/item/mass that appears on a radiograph that does not allow the x-ray to pass through it when in normal circumstances it would, (e.g. a bone that looks more dense than the bones around it)
Range of Motion = The range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which a joint may be moved.
Realign = (Chiropractic Definition) to return subluxated vertebrae to a more near normal position.
Receptor = A nerve cell that receives specific sensory information in the nervous system.
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Sacroiliac Joint = The joint between the sacrum and the ilium, which is a flat bone that helps compose your pelvis.
Sacrum = The triangular shaped bone located just below the Lowest Lumbar vertebrae (L5), formed usually by five fused vertebrae (sacral vertebrae) that are wedged dorsally between the left and right illiums.
Sciatica = An inflammation of the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in your body. It runs from your lower spine, through your buttocks, then into your leg and foot. There are actually two (2) sciatic nerves, one in each leg. When the sciatic nerve is inflamed, it can cause numbness, tingling, pain or weakness in your lower back and leg.
Scoliosis = Scoliosis is an abnormal, curvature of the spine. Scoliosis has many causes; some due to injury while others are inherited. One common reason for scoliosis is abnormal development of the vertebra in the spine. The most common form of scoliosis is an abnormal pattern of muscle and ligament growth as a teenager grows in height.
Doctors of Chiropractic are trained to recognize scoliosis or the potential for developing scoliosis. With early detection, chiropractic treatment can correct many cases of scoliosis
If you or your child have been diagnosed or think you may have scoliosis, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation
Scope of Practice = The legal definition of the activities that a profession can or cannot do.
Sensory = The "feeling" portion of a nerve; as opposed to motor.
Short-Lever Manipulation = A method of spinal manipulation in which contact is made on a vertebral process to move a single vertebra.
SMT = An abbreviation for "Spinal Manipulative Therapy."
Snout Reflex = This is a pathologic reflex of the head most frequently seen in bilateral corticopontine lesions and indicates an upper motor neuron lesion. This reflex is considered positive when sharp tapping of the nose or of the middle of the upper lip causes an excessive face grimace or an exaggerated reflexion contraction of the lips.
Somato-Visceral = Nerve pathways originating in the spinal cord and communicating with the internal organs.
Spinal Adjustment = A chiropractic term that most chiropractors use to describe whatever method (s)) they use to correct spinal problems, whether by hand or with an instrument.
Spinal Analysis = The comprehensive process of evaluating the spinal column and its immediate articulations for vertebral subluxations and contraindications to any or all chiropractic procedures.
Spinal Nerves = 24 pairs of nerves exiting from the spinal cord at segmental levels of the spinal column.
Spinal Manipulation = A forceful, high-velocity thrust that stretches a joint beyond its passive range of movement in order to increase its mobility. Manipulation is usually accompanied by an audible pop or click. Because of the speed involved, the patient does not have control and the potential for injury is greater than exists with mobilization.
Spine = Your spine supports your body and protects the delicate spinal cord and nerves. It comprises 33 vertebrae, grouped into different categories based on location and anatomy. These locations are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions.
Spinous Process = A posterior protruding part of the spinal bone that can be seen or felt when examining the spine.
Sports Injury = Some sports injuries are due to improper stretching while others are accidental injuries during the activity. In either case it is important to diagnose and treat such injuries quickly to prevent further aggravation or damage to the specific area. Doctors of Chiropractic have extensive training in the area of sports medicine and can diagnose and effectively treat sports related injuries. Spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab have proven to be very successful in correcting the injury and getting you back to normal activity faster.
No matter what your recreational activity may be, don't let sports related injuries or pains go unattended, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Spurs = A projecting body, as from a bone.
Straight Chiropractor = Chiropractors who tend to cling to chiropractic's original doctrine that most health problems are caused by misaligned spinal bones ("vertebral subluxations") and are correctable by manual manipulation of the spine.
Stressology = Intricate but nonsensical use of a mathematical analysis to locate stress points in the spinal analysis. Like the gobbledygook of applied kinesiology and some other chiropractic analyses, Stressology is a language that is spoken only by "Stressologists."
Subluxation = When a vertebra of the spine looses its proper position and becomes misaligned with the vertebrae above and below it, thus compromising the nerves, which results in interference of nerve transmissions from the brain to tissues, organs, and muscles. Unfortunately, most subluxations have no pain, so generally many people are not aware of them. Subluxations physically cause your spine to wear unevenly, which leads to early degeneration and break down of the spine.
Subluxation Complex = A description used to describe the five parts of a subluxation:
- Spinal Kineisopathology
- Nueropathophysiology
- Myopathology
- Histopathology
- Pathophysiology
Surface Electromyography (SEMG) = An unsubstantiated procedure that measures skin temperature and electrical activity in muscles surrounding the spine. Chiropractors who use it claim that it provides evidence of nerve dysfunction associated with vertebral subluxations. This procedure differs from needle electromyography, a legitimate neurologic test in which needles are inserted into the skin.
Surrogate Testing = A senseless method of diagnosing problems by testing the muscle strength of a third person who is touching the patient. Some chiropractors use this method to diagnose allergies, deficiencies, and other alleged problems in infants and small children.
Sustaining Care = Treatment rendered to a patient for the purpose of making the patient as functional or active as possible despite a painful or disabling condition.
Sweat Method = Atlas orthogonal technique in which the atlas is adjusted using a special table and a solenoid stylus placed against the side of the neck just behind and below the ear.
Sympathetic = A division of the central nervous system responsible for regulating the various activities of the human body.
Symptom = A warning signal sent from the tissues, organs and muscles to the brain that damage has occurred, and still may be occurring. Common symptoms are pain, tingling, and numbness, although, many subluxations occur without any noticeable symptoms.
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Technique = One of several treatment methods
Tendon = A fibrous cord by which a muscle is attached.
The Foundation of Chiropractic = The Foundation of Chiropractic includes philosophy, science, art, knowledge, and clinical experience.
Therapy = The use of modalities, or machines, to augment the adjustment. May include ultrasound, electrical muscle stimulation, traction, massage, heat/cold, infrared, laser, and others.
Thermography = A diagnostic procedure that images heat from body surfaces.
Thompson terminal point technique = A chiropractic adjustment performed on a table in which the supporting cushions drop an inch or two when a thrust is applied to the spine. Practitioners locate "subluxations" by checking leg lengths with the legs straight, the knees bent, or the head turned to either side.
Thoracic Vertebrae = There are twelve vertebrae in the thoracic or upper-back portion of the spine.
TMJ Dysfunction = TMJ Dysfunction is a problem with the alignment of the jaw. When the junction of the jaw is out of alignment it can create several problems such as headaches, jaw pain, sinus problems, stiffness in the jaw and muscle tension in the face, head, neck and shoulders. If you suffer from these symptoms it may be an indication of TMJ Dysfunction / Spinal Subluxation Syndrome. Through spinal adjustments a Doctor of Chiropractic can treat these symptoms and correct the problem.
If you think you have TMJ Dysfunction, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Toftness Method = Method in which a handheld "Toftness Radiation Detector" is used to locate subluxated vertebrae and pinched nerves so that they can then be corrected with spinal adjustments. Although the FDA has banned the device, a few chiropractors still use it.
Toggle Recoil Technique = Manipulation performed with a sudden shallow thrust (toggle) followed by quick withdrawal (recoil) of the chiropractor's hands while the patient is relaxed.
Torticollis/Tortipelvis = Involuntary spasms of the musculature of the spine, in the neck or low back.
Total Body Modification (T.B.M.) = Method that involves locating stressed organs or body areas so that "tried and tested reflex points and muscle testing" can be used to stimulate specific areas of the spine. This supposedly restores balance to the nervous system by stimulating nerve cells in the brain, which enables the brain to regain control of the body and guide it back to health.
Traction = Either intersegmental or elongation, used to reduce swelling, ease spasms, or assist in the realignment of vertebral segments.
Treatment = The goal of chiropractic and chiropractic doctors is to first locate the points of interference, and then remove them. The body will then be able to rebalance and heal itself, which it has the natural ability to do anyway…once the interference has been removed.
Trigger Points = Trigger points are acupuncture points which become inflamed with vertebral subluxations and can be treated mechanically by hand, needle, or electrically such as electrical muscle stimulation for the purpose of pain relief.
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Ultrasound = High frequency sound waves, sometimes accompanied with a form of electrical muscle stimulation, administered to areas of pain, spasm or other injury.
Upper Cervical Specific = Technique that uses a number of specific chiropractic adjustments designed to correct atlas and upper cervical subluxations.
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Vax-D (vertebral axial decompression) = A high-priced form of traction using a device that stretches and releases the spine while the patient lies facedown.
Vertebra (plural is Vertebrae) = A bone of the spine. There are seven (7) cervical vertebrae, twelve (12) thoracic vertebrae and five (5) lumbar vertebrae, as well as those that make up the sacrum and the coccyx.
Vertebral Artery = Arteries, one on each side, that thread through holes in the six upper cervical vertebrae.
Vertigo = Sensation of dizziness and the feeling that oneself or one's surroundings are whirling about.
Viscero-Somato = Nerve pathways originating in the organs of the body and communicating with the spinal cord.
Vitalism = The concept that the functions of an organism are due to a "vital principle" or "life force" distinct from the physical forces explainable by the laws of physics and chemistry. Chiropractors refer to that force as "Innate Intelligence."
Vivification = The restoration of life to the body.
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Wellness = The relationships between health, regular physical activity, and physical fitness as it applies to Chiropractic philosophy.
Whiplash = Whiplash of the neck is caused by any sudden involuntary forced movement of the head in any direction, and the resultant rebound of the head or neck in the opposite direction. Consequently there are injuries to the surrounding and supporting tissues of the neck and head.
Whiplash may occur without you being aware of it. Because of the degrees in which it occurs, symptoms may not always appear immediately. What occurs during the accident is ligaments are stretched beyond their limit for which they were intended. This will result in muscle spasms, alteration of the normal curve of the neck and spine and the resultant limitation of movement. An experienced Doctor of Chiropractic can diagnose and correct these problems with spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab. to the effected area.
If you were involved in an accident or suffer from trauma to the head or neck, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
"Working Muscles" = Under five layers of muscles, there are over 240 individual muscles attached to the vertebrae of your spine. Chiropractors feel through the five layers of muscle and see if any of the muscles are pulling unequally on the vertebrae. "Working muscles" are similar to rubber bands. When the muscles are trying to pull the vertebrae into proper position, they elongate and become very taut and fiber–like feeling. Chiropractors use these muscles as a road map to find subluxations. Chiropractors then use this information to perform the adjustment; adjusting the vertebrae in the same direction that the muscles are pulling.
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X-rays = Ionizing radiation, used by chiropractors to view primarily the spinal column in an effort to assist in the location and identification of subluxations.
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Currently no definitions for words that start with the letter "Y".
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Currently no definitions for words that start with the letter "Z"